RESOLUTIONS 71 - 146
– Redefine the geographical range of Rusty Tinamou Crypturellus brevirostris in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 28.
With Bartlett's Tinamou C. bartletti now considered a species, the geographical range of Rusty Tinamou becomes that of the nominate form (Pinto 1978:6, Blake 1979:33, Clements 2000:4).
Resolution 72 – Add Red-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Red-billed Tropicbird P. aethereus.
A new species for Brazil, documented by photographs taken in the Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia in September 1997 (Couto et al. 2001).
– Add Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias to the secondary list of Brazilian birds. (Reissue of Resolution No 32)
The instruction to add Great Blue Heron immediately after Gray Heron A. cinerea is wrong as the latter species belongs to the primary list of Brazilian birds.
– Redefine the geographical range of Southern Caracara Caracara plancus in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 34.
With the taxa C. lutosus (extinct, extraterritorial) and Northern Caracara C. cheriway now considered to be species, the geographical range of Southern Caracara becomes once again that of the nominate form (Dove & Banks 1999, Clements 2000:49).
– Add Blue-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cumanensis to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Red-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cujubi. This and the following resolution restate Resolution No 39.
On being split from P. pipile, a taxon which now becomes extraterritorial to Brazil, Blue-throated Piping-Guan should be ‘added’ to the list of Brazilian birds, instead of ‘replacing’ P. pipile.
– Remove Pipile pipile from the primary list of Brazilian birds, transferring it to the thiird list. This and the preceding resolution restate Resolution No 39.
With the recognition of Blue-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cumanensis and Red-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cujubi as species, following the tendency of the more recent literature, the nominate form P. pipile becomes extraterritorial and is no longer part of the Brazilian avifauna.
– Redefine the geographical range of Sun Parakeet Aratinga solstitialis in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolutions No 42 and 43.
With Jandaya Parakeet A. jandaya and Golden-capped Parakeet A. auricapilla now considered species, the geographical range of Sun Parakeet becomes that of the nominate form (Pinto 1978:135; Collar 1997:431; Juniper & Parr 1998:446).
– Ratify Forpus xanthopterygius (Spix, 1824) as a valid name in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Following strictly the rules of the ICZN, Whitney & Pacheco (1999) designated the lectotype of Psittacula xanthopterygius Spix, 1824 and showed that the name Forpus xanthopterygius is valid and should be used in place of F. crassirostris (Taczanowski, 1883).
– Add Amazonian Parrotlet Nannopsittaca dachilleae to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after tepui Parrotlet Nannopsittaca panychlora.
A new species for Brazil, with five specimens collected in northwest Acre in July 1996 (Whitney & Oren 2001).
– Redefine the geographical range of Variable Screech-Owl Otus atricapillus in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 44.
With O. guatemalae now considered a species, with subspecies O. g. guatemalae, O. g. roraimae and O. g. vermiculatus, the geographical range of Variable Screech-Owl becomes that of the nominate form (Holt et al. 1999:181; König et al. 1999:271).
– Redefine the geographical range of Northern Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl Otus watsonii in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 45.
With Southern Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl O. usta now considered a species, the geographical range of Northern Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl becomes that of the nominate form (Holt et al. 1999:179; König et al. 1999:269).
– Redefine the geographical range of Chapman's Swift Chaetura chapmani in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 46.
With Amazonian Swift C. viridipennis now considered a species, the geographical range of Chapman's Swift becomes that of the nominate form (Chantler & Driessens 1995:170; Marín 1997; Chantler 1999:444).
– Add Sick’s Swift Chaetura meridionalis to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Band-rumped Swift C. spinicauda. This and the following resolution restate Resolution No 47.
After being split from Ashy-tailed Swift C. andrei, Sick’s Swift should be ‘added’ to list of Brazilian birds, instead of ‘replacing’ Ashy-tailed Swift, a taxon which becomes extraterritorial to Brazil.
– Remove Ashy-tailed Swift C. andrei from the primary list of Brazilian birds, transferring it to the thiird list. This and the preceding resolution restate Resolution No 47.
The proposal to consider the nominate form of Ashy-tailed Swift C. andrei a subspecies of Vaux’s Swift C. vauxi (C. v. andrei), limited to northern Venezuela, makes this taxon foreign to the avifauna of Brazil (Marín 1997).
– Redefine the geographical range of Black-spotted Barbet Capito niger in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 48.
The geographical range of Black-spotted Barbet becomes that of the nominate form (Pinto 1978:242; Haffer 1997:285), with Gold-fronted Barbet C. auratus now considered a separate polytypic species (Haffer 1997:303), with twelve subspecies (Clements 2000:244).
– Redefine the geographical range of White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 50.
With Ochre-collared Piculet P. temminckii now considered a species, the geographical range of White-barred Piculet becomes that of its subspecies P. c. cirratus, P. c. macconnelli, P. c. confusus, P. c. pilcomayensis, P. c. tucumanus and P. c. thamnophiloides (Winkler et al. 1995:180), of which only the first two occur in Brazil.
– Redefine the geographical range of Guianan Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus punctatus in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolutions No 51, 52, 53 and 54.
With Western Slaty-Antshrike T. atrinucha (extraterritorial), Natterer's Slaty-Antshrike T. stictocephalus, Bolivian Slaty-Antshrike T. sticturus, Planalto Slaty-Antshrike T. pelzelni and Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike T. ambiguus now considered species, the geographical range of Guianan Slaty-Antshrike becomes that of the nominate form, T. punctatus and its subspecies (all extraterritorial): T. p. interpositus, T. p. leucogaster and T. p. huallagae (Isler et al. 1997; Isler et al. 2001).
– Redefine the geographical range of Guianan Streaked-Antwren Myrmotherula surinamensis in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 55.
With Pacific Streaked-Antwren M. pacifica (extraterritorial) and Amazonian Streaked-Antwren M. multostriata now considered species, the geographical range of Guianan Streaked-Antwren becomes that of the nominate subspecies (Isler et al. 1999).
– Add Pileated Antwren Herpsilochmus sellowi to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Bahia Antwren Herpsilochmus pileatus.
A new species described for the Brazilian Caatinga biome (and serra do Cachimbo, Pará) in Whitney et al. (2000). This taxon has appeared incorrectly in the literature as H. pileatus, ever since it was recognized as a monotypic species, distinct from H. atricapillus (Davis & O’Neill 1986).
– Redefine the geographical range of Bahia Antwren Herpsilochmus pileatus in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 89.
A recent taxonomic revision of the complex (Whitney et al. 2000) revealed that the true H. pileatus is confined to the coastal region of southern Bahia, where previously no representative of the complex was considered to occur.
– Redefine the geographical range of Black-headed Antbird Percnostola rufifrons in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 56.
With Amazonas Antbird P. minor (formerly P. r. minor) now considered a species, with subspecies P. m. minor e P. minor jensoni, this last endemic to Peru (Capparella et al. 1997), the geographical range of Black-headed Antbird becomes that attributed to the nominate form and P. r. subcristata.
– Redefine the geographical range of White-bibbed Antbird Myrmeciza loricata in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 57.
With Squamate Antbird M. squamosa now considered a species, the geographical range of White-bibbed Antbird becomes that of the nominate form (Pinto 1978:396; Ridgely & Tudor 1994:336-7).
– Restate Synallaxis whitneyi Pacheco & Gonzaga, 1995 in the primary list of Brazilian birds by Synallaxis cinerea Wied, 1831.
Whitney & Pacheco (2001) demonstrated, after re-examining the syntypes in the AMNH, that the name S. cinerea is valid and has nomenclatural priority over S. whitneyi.
– Redefine the geographical range of Rusty-backed Spinetail Cranioleuca vulpina in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 59.
With Parker's Spinetail C. vulpecula now considered a species, partially sympatric with Rusty-backed Spinetail, the geographical range of Rusty-backed Spinetail becomes that of the taxa C. v. vulpina, C. v. alopecias, C. v. reiseri, C. v. apurensis e C. v. foxi (Zimmer 1997), of which all but the last two occur in Brazil.
– Redefine the geographical range of Caatinga Cacholote Pseudoseisura cristata in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 60.
With Gray-crested Cacholote P. unirufa now considered a species, the geographical range of Caatinga Cacholote becomes that of the nominate form (Pinto 1978:324; Zimmer & Whittaker 2000b).
– Add Wagler’s Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes wagleri to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Scalloped Woodcreeper L. falcinellus.
Morphological, biogeographical (Silva & Straube 1996) and phylogenetic (García-Moreno & Silva 1997) evidence suggests that Wagler’s Woodcreeper should be separated from Scaled Woodcreeper L. squamatus, according to both the phylogenetic and evolutionary species concepts.
– Redefine the geographical range of Scaled Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes squamatus in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolutions No 61 and 96.
With Wagler’s Woodcreeper L. wagleri and Scalloped Woodcreeper L. falcinellus now considered species, the geographical range of Scaled Woodcreeper becomes that of the nominate form (Pinto 1978:295; Clements 2000:292).
– Add Chapada Flycatcher Suiriri islerorum to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Suiriri Flycatcher S. suiriri.
A new, cryptic species, described for the Brazilian Cerrado biome and adjacent region in Bolivia (Zimmer et al. 2001), with plumage very similar to that of S. suiriri affinis with which it often occurs syntopically.
– Redefine the geographical range of Amazonian Inezia Inezia subflava in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 62.
With Paled-tipped Inezia I. caudata (formerly I. s. caudata) now considered a species, with subspecies I. s. obscura, I. c. caudata and I. c. intermedia, the geographical range of Amazonian Inezia becomes that of the nominate form (endemic to Brazil) and I. s. obscura, I. c. caudata and I. c. intermedia (Traylor 1979:43-4; Zimmer & Whittaker 2000a).
– Add Southern House-Wren Troglodytes musculus to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Gray Wren Thryothorus griseus. This and the following resolution restate Resolution No 64.
On being split from Northern House-Wren Troglodytes aedon, Southern House-Wren should be ‘added’ to the list instead of ‘replacing’ Northern House-Wren, which is now extraterritorial to Brazil.
– Remove Northern House-Wren Troglodytes aedon from the primary list of Brazilian birds, transferring it to the thiird list. This and the preceding resolution restate Resolution No 64.
With the Southern House-Wren T. musculus complex now considered a species, following studies of isoenzyme differentiation by Brumfield & Capparella (1996), the Northern House-Wren T. aedon complex becomes extraterritorial and foreign to the Brazilian avifauna.
– Redefine the geographical range of Neotropical River Warbler Phaeothlypis rivularis in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 66.
With Neotropical River Warbler now considered to be independent of the polytypic species Buff-rumped Warbler P. fulvicauda and its subordinate extraterritorial taxa P. f. leucopygia, P. f. veraguensis, P. f. semicervina, P. f. motacilla and P. f. significans, the geographical range of Neotropical River Warbler becomes that of the nominate form, P. r. rivularis and the taxa: P. r. mesoleuca and P. r. bolivianus (Lowery & Monroe 1968:75-7; Clements 2000:657).
– Redefine the geographical range of Black-backed Tanager Tangara peruviana in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 67.
With Chestnut-backed Tanager T. preciosa now considered a species and in the absence of confirmation of polymorphy (as alleged by Sick 1985:691), the geographical range of Black-backed Tanager becomes that of Tangara peruviana, stricto sensu, a taxon endemic to Brazil and considered threatened (Isler & Isler 1987:306-8; BirdLife International 2000:565; Bencke 2001:50, 73-4).
– Redefine the geographical range of Wing-barred Seedeater Sporophila americana in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 68.
With Caquetá Seedeater S. murallae (formerly S. a. murallae) now considered a species, the geographical range of Wing-barred Seedeater becomes that of the subspecific taxa S. a. americana and S. a. dispar, following the taxonomic revision of Stiles (1996).
– Redefine the geographical range of Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of Resolution No 70.
With Half-collared Sparrow A. semitorquatus (formerly A. t. semitorquatus) now considered a species (Raposo & Parrini 1997), the geographical range of Pectoral Sparrow becomes that of the subspecific taxa A. t. taciturnus, A. t. axillaris and A. t. nigrirostris, of which only the first occurs in Brazil (Paynter 1970:182-3).
– Add Eurasian Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Hooded Siskin C. magellanicus.
A new species for Brazil – with reports since 1994 but not documented till 1999 – in the border region of the extreme south, as a result of natural expansion from Uruguay (Dias 2000). Eurasian Goldfinch was introduced deliberately in Montevideo, capital of Uruguay, in a shipment of birds from Spain (Vaz-Ferreira & Gerzenstein 1961).
– Add Spot-winged Falconet Spiziapteryx circumcinctus to the secondary list of Brazilian birds.
A new species for Brazil, observed by S. B. Scherer and A. C. de Menezes, in October 1998, at Herval, Rio Grande do Sul (Bencke 2001:nota 35). According to the original source there is no documentation for this record.
– Add Buckley’s Forest-Falcon Micrastur buckleyi to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus.
A new species for Brazil, documented by sound recordings made or identified by A. Whittaker, which will be archived in the National Sound Archive of the British Library, London. On four occasions in 1992-9 on the upper Rio Juruá.
– Add Dot-winged Crake Porzana spiloptera to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Yellow-breasted Crake Porzana flaviventer.
A new species for Brazil, observed at two sites in Rio Grande do Sul (BirdLife International 2000:180). This reference mentions only one of these sites, the Lagoa do Peixe National Park, where the species was photographed by S. B. Scherer and A. C. de Menezes, on an unspecified date. These photographs are archived in the collection of CEMAVE/IBAMA, Porto Alegre (Bencke 2001:nota 43).
– Add Pfrimer’s Parakeet Pyrrhura pfrimeri to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Gray-breasted Parakeet Pyrrhura anaca.
Olmos et al. (1997) e Joseph (2000) independently recommended that Pfrimer’s Parakeet be considered a species, separate from White-eared Parakeet, on the basis of geographical variation in plumage, morphometry, habitat requirements and biogeography.
– Redefine the geographical range of White-eared Parakeet Pyrrhura leucotis, in the primary list of Brazilian birds, as a consequence of resolutions 110 and 111.
With P. anaca, P. pfrimeri (both endemic to Brazil) and P. emma (extraterritorial) now considered species, the geographical range of White-eared Parakeet becomes restricted to that of the nominate form (Pinto 1978:139, Olmos et al. 1997).
– Add Mourning Sierra-Finch Phrygilus fruticeti to the secondary list of Brazilian birds.
A new species for Brazil. A single individual was observed by W. A. Voss on 23 August 1987 at Vila Operária de Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul (Bencke 2001:nota 135). According to the original source, there is no physical evidence for the record.
– Add White-winged Diuca-Finch Diuca speculifera to the tertiary list of Brazilian birds.
Two birds with field marks of White-winged Diuca-Finch, observed by W. A. Voss on 30 October 1980 near Banhado Grande, Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, may constitute the first Brazilian record of this high Andes species (Bencke 2001:nota 148). According to the original source, the sighting was not documented. [The natural occurrence of White-winged Diuca-Finch in Brazil is highly improbable, on both distributional and ecological grounds. Furthermore, the information available permits only a tentative identification of the birds observed. These facts justify the placing of White-winged Diuca-Finch on the tertiary list of Brazilian birds, pending further evidence of its presence in Brazil.]
– Add European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris to the secondary list of Brazilian birds.
A new species for Brazil. Two individuals were observed by E. Arballo and J. Cravino on 25 October 1990 at Barra do Chuí, Rio Grande do Sul (Bencke 2001:nota 122). According to the original source, the record was not documented.
Resolution 116
[Corrects typographical error in Nattereria 2].Resolution 117 – Replace Diomedea Linnaeus, 1758, in Diomedea melanophris, D. chlororhynchos, D. chrysostoma and D. cauta, by Thalassarche Reichenbach, 1853 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Phylogenetic studies show that the albatrosses traditionally included in the genus Diomedea form a paraphyletic group and that the smaller albatrosses of the Southern Hemisphere form a coherent group. Recognition of the old genus Thalassarche is consistent with its phylogenetic relationships (Nunn et al. 1996, Nunn & Stanley 1998, Robertson & Nunn 1998). As a result the genus Diomedea includes only the great southern albatrosses (Diomedea exulans, D. dabbenena, D. antipodensis, D. amsterdamensis, D. epomophora and D. sanfordi).
Resolution 118 – Replace Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus, 1758) by Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Payne & Risley (1976) proposed the use of the combination Ardea alba on the basis of results of the analysis of osteological characters which justify the maintenance of the species in the genus Ardea Linnaeus, 1758. Other authors also maintained the species in Ardea on the basis of studies of DNA hybridization (Sheldon 1987, Sibley & Ahlquist 1990). Similarly the combination Egretta alba (Linnaeus, 1758) (reconsidered in the literature following Bock 1956) should be replaced by Ardea alba.
Resolution 119 – Maintain Platalea Linnaeus, 1758, in Platalea ajaja Linnaeus, 1758 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
There is no modern work of revision of the genera of the Plataleinae Bonaparte, 1838 (spoonbills). A comparison of contemporary works of reference indicates that the use of the binomen Platalea ajaja Linnaeus, 1758 (Hancock et al. (1992), Matheu & Hoyo (1992), Sick (1993), Sick (1997), Banks et al. (2002), Clements (2002) and SACC (2003)) is preponderant over Ajaia ajaja (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Parker et al. 1996, A.O.U. (1998) and Clements (2000)).
Resolution 120 – Replace Oxyura Bonaparte, 1828, in Oxyura dominica (Linnaeus, 1766), by Nomonyx Ridgway, 1880 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Following the results of a cladistic analysis of the Oxyurini Delacour & Mayr, 1945 (‘stiff-tails’), taking into account 92 morphological characters, Livezey (1995) recommended the status of genus (monotypic) to be restored to Nomonyx Ridgway, 1880 (type Anas dominica L., original designation), usually considered a subgenus of Oxyura Bonaparte, 1828 since A.O.U. (1957) and Delacour (1959). Livezey (1995), as well as Ridgway (1880), spelled Nomonyx “dominicus” [i.e., with the species name as an adjective, agreeing with the gender of Nomonyx (masculine)], which has been followed without dispute in recent reference works (e.g., A.O.U. 1998, Clements 2000, SACC 2003). However, Linnaeus did not specify the grammar class of dominica, which can be either a noun or an adjective (cf. the case Pluvialis dominica in A.O.U. 1995, 1997), and the use of the name does not provide conclusive evidence concerning its original meaning. In these cases, according to Art. 31.2.2 of the I.C.Z.N. (1999:38), the species name must be considered a noun in apposition, keeping its original spelling unchanged.
Resolution 121 – Ratify Rupornis Kaup, 1844, in Rupornis magnirostris (Gmelin, 1789), in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
A recent phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data (Riesing et al. 2003) supports upholding the combination Rupornis magnirostris (Gmelin, 1789), claimed by Sick (1993:174, 1997:251), as opposed to the combination Buteo magnirostris (Gmelin, 1789), despite the preponderance of the latter in recent reference works (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Bierregaard 1994, Parker et. al. 1996, A.O.U. 1998, Clements 2000, Ferguson-Lees & Christie 2001, SACC 2003).
Resolution 122 – Replace Buteogallus Lesson,1830, in Buteogallus meridionalis (Latham, 1790), by Heterospizias Sharpe, 1874 in the primary list of Brazilian birds .
A phylogenetic analysis of the falconiformes by Griffiths (1994), based on morphological characters of the syrinx, showed that Heterospizias meridionalis should not be placed in the genus Buteogallus Lesson, 1830 but in the monotypic genus Heterospizias Sharpe, 1874.
Resolution 123 – Replace Rallus Linnaeus, 1758, in Rallus sanguinolentus, R. nigricans and R. maculatus, by Pardirallus Bonaparte, 1856 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
The inclusion of Rallus sanguinolentus Swainson, 1837, R. nigricans Vieillot, 1819 and R. maculatus Boddaert, 1783 in the genus Pardirallus (type Rallus variegatus Gm. = R. maculatus Bodd.), as proposed by Olsen (1973) has become the predominant usage in ornithological works of reference (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Taylor 1996, Taylor & Perlo 1998, Clements 2000, SACC 2003). This treatment should be preferred until future studies propose a convincing taxonomic alternative.
Resolution 124 – Maintain Laterallus G. R. Gray, 1855, in Laterallus fasciatus and L. viridis in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
The inclusion of Laterallus fasciatus (Sclater & Salvin, 1867) and L. viridis (Statius Muller, 1776) in the genus Anurolimnas Sharpe, 1893, defended by Olson (1973) and Storer (1981), in spite of its preponderance in recent works of reference (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Taylor 1996, Taylor & Perlo 1998, Clements 2000, SACC 2003) cannot be ratified. The correct name for this genus, by reason of chronological priority, would be Rufirallus Bonaparte, 1856 (the type of Rallus cayanensis “L.” = L. viridis). [Furthermore, new taxonomic studies are required. The vocal repertoire of L. fasciatus and L. viridis differs from that of A. castaneiceps (Sclater & Salvin, 1868) and is clearly closer to that of the members of Laterallus (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001:200), including L. melanophaius (Vieillot, 1819), type species of the genus Laterallus.]
Resolution 125 – Replace Porphyriops Pucheran, 1845 by Gallinula Brisson, 1760 in the primary list of Brazilia birds.
Olson (1973) argued, on the basis of osteological characters, that the monotypic genus Porphyriops does not show sufficient substantial differences to justify its separation from Gallinula. In recent years the combination Gallinula melanops (Vieillot, 1819) has become preponderant in works of reference (& Monroe 1990, Taylor 1996, Taylor & Perlo 1998, Banks et al. 2002, SACC 2003).
Resolution 126 – Replace Porphyrula Blyth, 1852 by Porphyrio Brisson, 1760 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Olson (1973) concluded that the genus Porphyrula is not sufficiently differentiated to justify its separation from Porphyrio. In recent years the combinations Porphyrio martinica (Linnaeus, 1766) and P. flavirostris (Gmelin, 1789) have become preponderant in works of reference (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Taylor 1996, Taylor & Perlo 1998, Banks et al. 2002, SACC 2003).
Resolution 127 – Replace Hoploxypterus Bonaparte, 1856 by Vanellus Brisson, 1760 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Following the tendency in recent ornithological literature (Hayman et al. 1986, Sibley & Monroe 1990, Parker et al. 1996, Wiersma 1996, Clements 2000, SACC 2002) the use of the combination Vanellus cayanus (Latham, 1790) is recommended instead of restricting the species to the monotypic genus Hoploxypterus. [Although Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) supported the maintenance of the monotypic genus because of an alleged closer affinity (e.g. Strauch 1978) to the genus Charadrius Linnaeus, 1758, a reanalysis of the case is desirable (SACC 2003).]
Resolution 128 – Maintain Gelochelidon C. L. Brehm, 1830, in Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin, 1789), in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
In recent works of reference (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Clements 2000, SACC 2003) Gelochelidon nilotica (Gmelin, 1789) has been returned to its original genus Sterna Linnaeus, 1758, although others maintain it in Gelochelidon on the basis of its behavior and unique characteristics (Gochfeld & Burger 1996). Randi & Spina (1987), using alloenzymes, suggested that Gelochelidon is part of the same clade as Sterna, while other studies based on alloenzymes (Hackett 1989), limb muscle structure (McKitrick 1991) and osteology (Chu 1995) suggest a more distant relationship or do not support the inclusion of Gelochelidon in Sterna. More significantly, Hackett (1989), considering Sterna (sensu lato) to be polyphyletic, placed Sterna nilotica genetically close to Phaetusa simplex. In view of the controversy in the information available, Gelochelidon should be maintained as a separate genus, including the species G. nilotica.
Resolution 129 – Revert the species name of Sterna dougalli in the primary list of Brazilian birds to dougallii, the original, correct spelling.
The use of the genitive with a single ‘i’ in dougalli is considered a ‘subsequent incorrect spelling’ (I.C.Z.N. 1999:116). It is therefore resolved that the original spelling dougallii, as in Montagu (1813), be re-established, in accordance with Art. 33.4 of I.C.Z.N (1999).
Resolution 130 – Replace Propyrrhura Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 by Primolius Bonaparte, 1857 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
The name Primolius (type Sittace primoli Bonap. = Ara auricollis Cass.) has undoubted precedence over Propyrrhura for the generic assemblage which unites the taxa Ara maracana (Vieillot, 1816), A. auricollis Cassin, 1853 and A. couloni Sclater, 1876 (Penhallurick 2001), following what was proposed by Sick (1990) and Whitney (1996), and implemented by Collar (1997).
Resolution 131 – Replace Ara Lacépède, 1799, in Ara couloni Sclater, 1876, by Primolius Bonaparte, 1857 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Although Ara couloni was not included in the genus Propyrrhura by Sick (1997), it was regarded by Whitney (1996) as being very close to the taxon Ara maracana
(Vieillot, 1816) and A. auricollis Cassin, 1853 and treated as an alospecies of A. maracana by Sibley & Monroe (1990:123). Subsequently, Collar (1997) united these three species under the genus Propyrrhura Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, following Sick (1990) and Whitney (1996). Recently, Penhallurick (2001) demonstrated that Primolius Bonaparte, 1857 has chronological priority over Propyrrhura (cf. Resolution 130).
Resolution 132 – Add Bald Parrot Pionopsitta aurantiocephala Gaban-Lima, Raposo & Höfling, 2002, to the primary list of Brazilian birds, immediately after Pionopsitta caica (Latham, 1790).
A newly described species for Amazonian Brazil with records from the lower Rio Madeira and upper Rio Tapajós (Gaban-Lima et al. 2002). Individuals of this new taxon were historically confused with immature birds of P. vulturina (Kuhl, 1820), with which it is partially sympatric.
Resolution 133 – Replace Speotyto Gloger, 1841 by Athene Boie, 1822 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
In the most recent works of reference the combination Athene cunicularia (Molina, 1782), used in A.O.U. (1998), König et al. (1999), Holt et al. (1999), Clements (2000) and SACC (2003) has a slight preponderance over Speotyto cunicularia (Molina, 1782) (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Sick 1993, Parker et al. 1996, Sick 1997). [Molecular and cariotype studies (Schmutz et al. 1989, Sibley & Ahlquist 1990) which favored the independence of Speotyto were not accepted by the A.O.U. (1998).]
Resolution 134 – Replace Hydropsalis brasiliana (Gmelin, 1789) by Hydropsalis torquata (Gmelin, 1789) in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
As shown by Teixeira (1992) and supported by Pacheco & Whitney (1998) and Cleere (2002), the attribution of the basonym Caprimulgus brasilianus Gmelin (1789:1031) is doubtful, belonging neither to the Scissor-tailed Nightjar (sensu Sick 1997:420) nor to any other nightjar (nomen dubium in I.C.Z.N 1999:111). The available name, perfectly attributable to the Scissor-tailed Nightjar is Caprimulgus torquatus Gmelin (1789:1032), basonym of Hydropsalis torquata (Gmel.).
Resolution 135 – Replace Reinarda Hartert, 1915 by Tachornis Gosse, 1847 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Until a taxonomic revision is carried out the Fork-tailed Palm-Swift should be placed in the genus Tachornis instead of Reinarda, the name Tachornis squamata (Cassin, 1853) being preponderant in the recent literature (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Chantler & Driessens 1995, Parker et al. 1996, Chantler, 1999, Clements 2000, SACC 2003).
Resolution 136 – Replace Lepidocolaptes Reichenbach, 1853, in Lepidocolaptes fuscus (Vieillot, 1818), by Xiphorhynchus Swainson, 1827 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
A recent molecular study of the genus Xiphorhynchus Swainson 1827 has confirmed that “Lepidocolaptes” fuscus (Vieillot, 1818) is in fact the east Brazilian representative of the Amazonian species Xiphorhynchus spixii, X. elegans, X. pardalotus e X. ocellatus. Therefore, its transfer to the genus Xiphorhynchus Swainson, 1827 reflects more correctly its evolutionary affinities (Aleixo 2002). This result has confirmed earlier molecular (García-Moreno & Silva 1997), anatomical (Raikow 1994) and behavioral (Willis 1983) studies indicating a close relationship between Lepidocolaptes fuscus (Vieillot, 1818) and the genus Xiphorhynchus Swainson, 1827 (Aleixo 2002).
Resolution 137 – Replace Phaethornis Swainson, 1827, in Phaethornis gounellei Boucard, 1891, by Anopetia Simon, 1919 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
A phylogenetic study of the Phaethornithinae Jardine, 1833, based on external morphological characters (Hinkelmann & Schuchmann 1997), indicated that Phaethornis gounellei is the sister species of all the other species in the genus Phaethornis Swainson, 1827 (type Trochilus superciliosus = P. superciliosus) and for this reason placed it in the monotypic genus available: Anopetia Simon, 1919.
Resolution 138 – Replace Heliactin cornuta (Wied, 1821) by Heliactin bilophus (Temminck, 1820) in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
As mentioned initially by Mees (1985), the basonym Trochilus bilophus Temminck, 1820 has clear chronological priority over Trochilus cornutus Wied, 1821. The correct spelling of the species name is the original one (ending in -us) because bilophus is a latinized noun in apposition to Heliactin Boie, 1831 (David & Gosselin 2002).
Resolution 139 – Replace Xiphorhynchus necopinus (Zimmer, 1934) by Xiphorhynchus kienerii (Des Murs, 1855) in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Study of the type specimen of Xiphorhynchus picus kienerii (Des Murs 1855) showed that it is morphologically and morphometrically indistinguishable from specimens of Xiphorhynchus necopinus (Zimmer, 1934), but is consistently separable from specimens of Xiphorhynchus picus (Aleixo & Whitney 2002). Xiphorhynchus necopinus is accordingly considered a junior synonym of Xiphorhynchus kienerii, the latter name having priority (Aleixo & Whitney 2002).
Resolution 140 – Replace Todirostrum Lesson, 1831, in Todirostrum senex, T. plumbeiceps, T. sylvia, T. fumifrons, T. latirostre and T. russatum, by Poecilotriccus Berlepsch, 1884 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Lanyon (1988) proposed the transfer of the above mentioned species to the genus Poecilotriccus Berlepsch, 1884 based on a phylogenetic study that examined especially the morphological characters of the syrinx. The correct species names are Poecilotriccus senex (Pelzeln, 1868), P. plumbeiceps (Lafresnaye, 1846), P. sylvia (Desmarest, 1806), P. fumifrons (Hartlaub, 1853), P. latirostris (Pelzeln, 1868) and P. russatus (Salvin & Godman, 1884). In the last two taxa the species names latirostre and russatum should be changed to latirostris and russatus, respectively, because they are singular nominative
adjectives and should agree with the gender of Poecilotriccus, whose latinized suffix ‘triccus’ is a singular masculine noun (I.C.Z.N 1999, Art. 34).
Resolution 141 – Replace Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, in Pipra pipra (Linnaeus, 1758), by Dixiphia Reichenbach, 1850 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
In a phylogenetic study of the family Pipridae based on morphological characters of the syrinx Prum (1992) showed that Pipra pipra is the sister species of a group formed by the genera Heterocercus Sclater, 1862 and Pipra Linnaeus, 1764 (excluding P. coronata, P. serena, P. suavissima, P. iris, P. vilasboasi and P. nattereri) and accordingly separated it in the monotypic genus Dixiphia Reichenbach, 1850.
Resolution 142 – Replace Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, in Pipra coronata, P. serena, P. suavissima, P. iris, P. vilasboasi and P. nattereri, by Lepidothrix Bonaparte, 1854 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
In a phylogenetic study of the family Pipridae based on morphological characters of the syrinx Prum (1992) showed the polyphyletic origin of the genus Pipra. The monophyletic group formed by the species Pipra coronata, P. serena, P. suavissima, P. iris, P. vilasboasi and P. nattereri accordingly constitute the genus Lepidothrix, sister of the genera Manacus Brisson, 1760, Antilophia Reichenbach, 1850 and Chiroxiphia Cabanis, 1847.
Resolution 143 – Replace Phaeoprogne Baird, 1865 by Progne Boie, 1826 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
A molecular analysis by Sheldon & Winkler (1993) suggested the transfer of the Brown-chested Martin to the genus Progne Boie, 1826 (type Hirundo purpurea “Wils.” = Progne subis (L.)), rather than its maintenance in the monotypic genus Phaeoprogne Baird, 1865.
Resolution 144 – Replace Sericossypha Lesson, 1844 by Compsothraupis Richmond, 1915 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
In the absence of a particular taxonomic study, a review of the recent reference works shows the preponderant use of the combination Compsothraupis loricata (Lichtenstein, 1819) (Ridgely & Tudor 1989, Sibley & Monroe 1990, Parker et al. 1996, Isler & Isler 1999, Clements 2000, SACC 2003), here recommended, over Sericossypha loricata (Lichtenstein, 1819), adopted by Sick (1993, 1997).
Resolution 145 – Replace Caryothraustes Reichenbach, 1850, in Caryothraustes humeralis (Lawrence, 1867), by Parkerthraustes Remsen, 1997 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Molecular data (Tamplin et al. 1993, Demastes & Remsen 1994) showed that the taxon usually named Caryothraustes humeralis is not closely related to the two other Caryothraustes species: C. canadensis
(type species) and C. poliogaster (extraterritorial). As a consequence, Remsen (1997) created the new genus Parkerthraustes for Pitylus humeralis Lawrence, 1867.
Resolution 146 – Replace Pitylus Cuvier, 1829 by Saltator Vieillot, 1816 in the primary list of Brazilian birds.
Biochemical evidence (Tamplin et al. 1993) showed that the genus Pitylus should be incorporated to the genus Saltator. [This decision was previously accredited by two other committees of continental authority (A.O.U. 1995, SACC 2003)].